DDGS Inclusion in Layer Diets

High corn and soybean prices have made the search for ways to decrease poultry feed costs more important than ever. Dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), byproducts of ethanol production, have shown potential as an alternative source of energy, protein and amino acids in poultry diets.

However, the inclusion level of DDGS in layer diets has been limited to five to 10 per cent.  But University of Nebraska researchers Drs. Mahmoud Masa’deh, Sheila Purdum and Katherine Hanford have recently shown that inclusion levels as high as 15 per cent, and possibly 25 per cent can be incorporated without having a negative effect on feed intake, egg production, or other key metrics.  Improved yolk colour has also been observed at the higher inclusion levels.

The research team’s study comprised two egg production phases, during which diets were formulated to include 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 or 25 per cent corn DDGS.  The only difference between the diets in Phase 1 (week 24-46) and Phase 2 (week 47-76) was that in Phase 1, the diets were formulated on a fixed lysine and TSAA (total sulfur amino acids) level.  During the second phase, the diets were designed to keep lysine and methionine at a fixed level, but the TSAA levels were allowed to increase due to higher cys-teine levels in DDGS.

The researchers found that neither feed intake nor egg production were affected by dietary DDGS concentration in either phase of the study.   In Phase 1, the researchers observed that increases in DDGS levels correlated with a roughly linear decrease in egg weight.  However, this negative correlation was not observed in Phase 2 of the study.

 According to the study’s authors, differences in amino acid levels and potential bioavailability as well as changing amino acid balance in Phases 1 and 2 could have been the reason for the reduction in egg weight only during Phase 1.

 The authors found no differences in Haugh units due to DDGS levels in either production phase.  In addition, the authors observed a linear increase in the retention of nitrogen and phosphorus with increasing levels of DDGS; the output per kilogram (as measured in the hens’ excreta) of these elements, however, decreased linearly as DDGS increased. This result is opposite to what was reported by other researchers, whose work focused on broiler chicks.

One difference the researchers consistently found throughout the study was that egg yolk colour increased linearly with increased dietary levels of DDGS, reaching its greatest Roche colour fan score of 7.2 in eggs from hens fed the diet containing 25 per cent DDGS. According to the authors, this indicates that xanthophylls in the DDGS were “highly available.” They also point out that the xanthophyll content of dried distillers grains with solubles is approximately three times that of corn by weight (34 mg/kg vs. 10.62 mg/kg, respectively). This finding may be useful for producers selling eggs in markets where there is a consumer preference for increased yolk pigmentation.

Subsequent studies will also look at the impact of replacement rations containing DDGS for pullets. Results of this study were published in a recent issue of Poultry Science (“Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles in Laying Hen Diets”; Poult. Sci. 2011 90: 1960-1966.

“Dried distillers grains with solubles have previously been shown to be a valuable and, especially given current prices of corn and soybean meal, affordable ingredient in poultry diets. Current usage levels of DDGS in poultry diets typically range from five per cent up to 10 per cent. What our recent study has shown is that growers can safely explore levels of DDGS in their diets for laying hens up to 15%, and perhaps as high as 25 per cent, with no negative effects on feed intake, egg production, or other key metrics, and with improved yolk colour at the higher levels,” said Dr. Purdum, one of the study’s authors.